A bunion — medically known as hallux valgus — is a bony bump that forms on the side of the big toe joint. Over time, the big toe drifts toward the smaller toes, creating pressure and irritation on the joint. While they can affect anyone, bunions are especially common among women and people who wear tight, narrow footwear.
What Causes Bunions?
Bunions usually develop due to a combination of genetics, foot shape, and mechanical stress. If your parents or grandparents had bunions, you’re more likely to develop them too. Flat feet, ligament laxity, and certain gait patterns can also contribute.
Poorly fitting footwear — especially pointed or high-heeled shoes — can accelerate the problem by pushing the toes together and increasing joint strain.
Common Symptoms
Typical signs of a bunion include:
- A visible bump on the side of the big toe joint
- Redness, swelling or tenderness around the joint
- Pain when walking or wearing tight shoes
- Limited movement in the big toe
In severe cases, the big toe may overlap the second toe, causing further discomfort or secondary problems like corns and calluses.
Treatment & Management Options
Early management can significantly reduce discomfort and slow progression.
- Footwear: Choose shoes with a wide toe box, soft upper, and supportive sole.
- Padding or orthotics: A podiatrist can provide custom orthotics to correct mechanical issues and relieve pressure on the bunion.
- Ice & rest: Apply ice to reduce inflammation and avoid long periods of standing.
- Exercises: Stretching and strengthening the toes can improve joint mobility.
If conservative treatments don’t relieve pain, your podiatrist may refer you for an orthopaedic assessment to discuss surgical correction.
When to See a Podiatrist
If your bunion is painful, affects your gait, or makes shoe-wearing difficult, it’s worth booking a podiatry appointment. Early intervention helps protect the joint, reduces pain, and keeps you comfortably on your feet.
